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Exam 5: Motivation

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Question 31

True/False

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According to the expectancy theory, motivation is low when any one of the three components -- expectancy, instrumentality, or valence -- approaches zero.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

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Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. Manny is classified as driven by a need for:

A) power.
B) safety.
C) achievement.
D) affiliation.
E) esteem

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Question 33

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According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments.

Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________.

According to the expectancy theory, work motivation will be high when expectancy and instrumentality are high, and valence is highly positive.

Herzberg's __________ identifies job context as the source of job dissatisfaction and job content as the source of job satisfaction.

ERG theory collapses Alderfer's five need levels into three need categories.

The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________.

Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors?

In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability assigned by the individual that a given level of performance will lead to various work outcomes.

In MBO, frustration-regression refers to the idea that an already satisfied lower-level need can be activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied.

Social comparison is the basic foundation for ____________ theory.

Kathy notices that most of her coworkers take extended lunch breaks. Kathy doesn't do this, but feels she is therefore justified in working a little less hard during the day. Kathy's decision to work "less hard" is best explained by the __________ theory of motivation.

__________ is defined as how fair and equitable people view the practices of their workplace.

According to Maslow's needs hierarchy, the lower-order needs are esteem and social.

In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs refer to the needs for security, protection, and stability in the physical and interpersonal events of day-to-day life.

In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process.

Goals are better motivators when employees accept them and show commitment to their goals.

Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals.

According to Vroom's __________, a person is motivated to the degree that he or she believes that effort will yield acceptable performance, performance will be rewarded, and the value of the rewards is highly positive.